Confusion
VeDDRA Code: 659
2,156 adverse event reports referencing this reaction
Species Most Affected
Breeds Most Affected
Associated Drugs
Data Summary
| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| Total reports referencing reaction | 2,156 |
| Reports with fatal outcome | 314 |
| Case-fatality rate (reported events) | 1460.0% |
| Species observed | 5 |
| Breeds observed | 20 |
| Drugs associated with reaction | 20 |
Source: FDA Center for Veterinary Medicine — Adverse Event Reporting (CVM AER); reaction term coded under VeDDRA 659.
Confusion Reaction Insights
The FDA Center for Veterinary Medicine database currently lists 2,156 adverse event reports that reference Confusion as a reaction term, including 314 reports with a death outcome — a 1460.0% case-fatality figure calculated across only those events where this reaction was coded. The reaction is indexed in the openFDA system under VeDDRA code 659, the standardized veterinary dictionary used to normalize clinical signs across submitters. Because reports are voluntary and often describe multiple concurrent signs per animal, the volume here reflects reporting intensity rather than true incidence in the broader pet population.
Confusion appears most frequently in reports for Dog (1,860 reports), Cat (278 reports), Horse (13 reports) — with Dog dominating at 1,860 entries. Within those species, the breeds most often named alongside this reaction are Crossbred Canine/dog (231), Retriever - Labrador (189), Domestic Shorthair (112). These distributions are influenced both by underlying breed popularity and by how veterinarians and owners code a given clinical sign, so they should be interpreted as a reporting fingerprint rather than a pure susceptibility ranking.
The drugs most commonly co-reported with Confusion are Bedinvetmab (233 reports), Milbemycin Oxime + Spinosad (215 reports), Spinosad (162 reports), Carprofen (143 reports), with Bedinvetmab appearing alongside this reaction in 233 submissions. Co-reporting does not establish that any specific product caused the reaction — FDA CVM data captures temporal association only. The value of these aggregates is in flagging which therapeutic classes appear repeatedly alongside a given clinical sign, so owners and veterinarians can ask targeted questions about medications currently in use.
Source: FDA Center for Veterinary Medicine — Adverse Event Reports FDA Center for Veterinary Medicine — Adverse Event Reports Data reflects voluntary submissions and may not represent actual incidence rates
Read our methodology — how this data is sourced, computed, and verified.